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AYUTTHAYA, Thailand, December 26, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — Scientific and technological achievements and discoveries have not only profoundly transformed the way we live, but also given us the confidence to meet challenges and embrace the future.
Science and Technology Daily, together with media partners and a panel of academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, selected the top 10 science and technology news stories of 2025 in China and around the world.
The top 10 science and technology news in China are:
1. Open source large model DeepSeek released
In January, Chinese AI startup DeepSeek launched the world-renowned open source large model DeepSeek-R1. It proved that large models can achieve high-level performance even with limited computing power through algorithm optimization and technical innovation. It allows developers around the world to innovate their own models, transforming the AI race from a “race for raw computing power” to “advancement driven by efficiency”.
2. EST: 100 million degrees for a record 1,000 seconds
On January 20, China’s Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) device set a world record by maintaining stable, long-pulsed, high-confinement plasma at 100 million degrees Celsius for 1,066 seconds (nearly 18 minutes). This is a major breakthrough in fusion energy research, overcoming one of the most difficult challenges in plasma confinement and bringing the world closer to unlimited clean energy.
3. Zuchongzhi 3.0 leads the global quantum computing race
Chinese scientists have built Zuchongzhi 3.0, a prototype superconducting quantum computer with 105 readable qubits and 182 couplers. He set a world record by solving the quantum random circuit sampling problem 10 trillion times faster than current supercomputers.
4. Development of a high-precision scalable analog matrix computing chip
In October, a team from Peking University unveiled a high-precision and scalable analog dot-matrix computer chip that outperforms current digital processors (GPUs) in energy efficiency and throughput by up to 1,000 times. This innovation could revolutionize computing by enabling new and diverse applications in large-scale scientific calculations.
5. First invasive clinical trial on a brain-computer interface in China
In June, the Center of Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, together with Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, conducted the country’s first invasive brain-computer interface clinical trial. This allowed subjects to perform tasks such as typing and playing games just weeks after training. This milestone makes China the second country in the world after the United States to reach the clinical trial phase of invasive brain-machine interfaces.
6. First discovery of the evolutionary history of the far side of the Moon
Research on lunar samples from the Chang’e-6 mission reveals the history of the dark side of the Moon. It provides groundbreaking information on lunar volcanic activity, ancient magnetic fields and the composition of the lunar mantle, significantly advancing our understanding of the far side of the Moon and marking a historic achievement in space exploration.
7. A century-old plant science puzzle solved
A team from Shandong Agricultural University has solved a long-standing puzzle in plant science by discovering how a single plant cell develops into a complete plant. This discovery clarifies the mechanism of totipotency in plant cells and offers new possibilities for crop genetic improvement and agricultural biotechnology.
8. Chinese scientists are the first to prepare two-dimensional metallic materials on large areas
Scientists from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have successfully created two-dimensional metallic materials over large areas, a world first. This ultra-thin, single-atom-thick metal, much thinner than a human hair, opens up new possibilities in two-dimensional materials research and technological innovation. The discovery was published in Nature and received worldwide fame.
9. Leading role for scientific and technological innovation
These advances would not have been possible without political support. The recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development provide four provisions for scientific and technological innovation:
* Strengthen original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies
* Promote deep integration between scientific and industrial innovation
* Advance the coordinated development of education, science and technology and talents, and
* Boost the Digital China initiative.
10. Commissioning of China’s first electromagnetic aircraft carrier
On November 5, China’s advanced aircraft carrier Fujian was officially commissioned during a flag-raising ceremony in Sanya, Hainan, southern China. The ship is self-designed, developed and manufactured and is the world’s first carrier to use advanced electromagnetic catapults for launching aircraft. Many of Fujian’s facilities and technologies are being put into service for the first time, and the carrier will continue to undergo extensive verification testing after it is put into service.
The top 10 international scientific and technological news are:
1. The promotion of open source development by the Chinese start-up DeepSeek, with its R1 model improving reasoning in large language models thanks to reinforcement learning.
2. Creating an AI-based tool combined with a brain decoder that can translate a person’s thoughts directly into continuous text, without them needing to speak or process spoken language.
3. The researchers designed enzymes from scratch, using RF diffusion to generate proteins and a machine learning network called PLACER to assess the active organization of their sites.
4. Photonic computer chips have outperformed traditional electronic hardware. For example, a Singaporean system achieved improvements of more than two orders of magnitude in latency and compute time with oMAC compared to commercial GPUs.
5. The NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory has released its first images, capturing images of millions of distant stars and galaxies on an unprecedented scale.
6. An intelligent surgical robot successfully removed a gallbladder without human assistance.
7. Google introduced the Quantum Echoes algorithm which demonstrates a verifiable quantum advantage over classical computers.
8. Stephen Hawking’s area theorem, proposed in 1971, was confirmed with great precision by the gravitational wave GW250114.
9. The Global Tipping Points Report 2025, published by 160 international scientists, warns that Earth has reached its first climate tipping point, with rising temperatures threatening coral reefs.
10. Scientists have published the first cross-species atlas of mammalian brain cell development, providing the most detailed spatiotemporal map of brain development to date.
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SOURCE Daily Science and Technology
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